What is a PAP smear and why is it done
The Uterine cervix is the month of the womb.
The PAP test (also called the Pap smear) is a quick and simple test used to check for changes to the cells of the cervix that may lead to cervical cancer. It is named after George Papanicolaou, a physician who pioneered this technique.
Very few cancers have a precancerous stage, but cervical cancer is one of them. The precancerous stage can last for many years, and if adequately treated, will prevent the development of cancer of the cervix.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
How is a Pap smear done?
abnormalities in the superficial layer of the cells of cervix. In most cases the abnormality is cause by a virus infection- the HPV virus, which is sexually transmitted. The abnormality may be of various degree and depth as shown in the figure above.- Fig 2
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If an abnormal PAP smear is detected, It is recommended to test for the presence of the HPV Virus. The HPV virus is sexually transmitted, and there are over a 100 subtypes. They are divided into 2 main groups the high risk group causes abnormalities in the cervix that can lead to cancer of the cervix. The low risk groups cause the warts on skin and mucosal surfaces.
If the PAP smear is abnormal and the test for HPV is positive it is recommended to do a colposcopy and biopsy. This will detect how deep the abnormality is, and will help the doctor decide the treatment modality.
Cervical cancer is preventable, and the HPV vaccine is available.
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